Unceded

Unceded [territory] defines Indigenous homelands that were never surrendered to the Crown; land where no formal treaties were signed or treaties were signed but the lands were not willingly surrendered. - Indigenous Perspectives Education Guide, adapted by Michelle Xie

Territories covered by treaties (see treaty) weren't necessarily ceded. The intent of the agreements was the sharing of the territory, which was not honoured.

Examples of Unceded Territory

Adrienne Maree Brown	"I tend to think of abolition as one result of transformative justice: abolition is the end of prisons; transformative justice is the methods people use to uproot injustice patterns in communities. I tend to think of abolition as a totality, and I think that can be tricky. People set out to abolish slavery and we ended up with the prison industrial complex because while there were surface and policy level shifts, the culture did not shift. That deep underlying racism and classism remains and is now roaring to the surface as we write this. So, while I identify as an abolitionist, I find speaking about the iterative tangible work of transformative justice makes more sense to me now–I don’t simply want the prisons gone, I want a radically different way of interacting with each other to grow."
Mia Mingus	"I understand abolition to be a necessary part of transformative justice because prisons, and the PIC, are major sites of individual and collective violence, abuse, and trauma. However, transformative justice is and must also be a critical part of abolition work because we will need to build alternatives to how we respond to harm, violence, and abuse. Just because we shut down prisons, does not mean that these will stop. Transformative justice has roots in abolition work and is an abolitionist framework, but goes beyond abolishing prisons (and slavery) and asks us to end–and transform the conditions that perpetuate–generational cycles of violence such as rape, sexual assault, child abuse, child sexual abuse, domestic violence, intimate partner abuse, war, genocide, poverty, human trafficking, police brutality, murder, stalking, sexual harassment, all systems of oppression, dangerous societal norms, and trauma."
Amanda Aguilar Shank	Interpersonal harm is inevitable. Abolition imagines that "each moment where harm happens is an opportunity to transform relationships and communities, build trust and safety, and grow slowly toward the beautiful people we are meant to be, in the world we deserve."

• Ottawa is located on Anishinabe Algonquin territory
• Nearly all of British Columbia; an example being Wet’suwet’en Nation territory where the Coastal Gaslink pipeline is being built without their consent
• Halifax is located on Mi'kmaw territory of the Mi'kmaq
• Montreal is located on Kanien’kehá:ka Nation territory of the Mohawks of Kahnawá:ke

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