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= Definitions =
= Definitions =
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| style="width: 21.3321%; background-color: rgb(197, 31, 132); height: 82px; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" | <span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 12pt;" >'''Acquittal'''</span>
| style="width: 21.3321%; background-color: rgb(197, 31, 132); height: 10px; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" | <span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 12pt;">'''Acquittal'''</span>
| style="height: 82px;" | <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" >Decision of a court declaring a person is not guilty - <span>[https://dictionnairereid.caij.qc.ca/recherche#t=edictionnaire&sort=relevancy CAIJ Quebec and Canadian Law Dictionary]</span></span>
| style="height: 10px;" | <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Decision of a court declaring a person is not guilty - <span>[https://dictionnairereid.caij.qc.ca/recherche#t=edictionnaire&sort=relevancy CAIJ Quebec and Canadian Law Dictionary]</span></span>
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<span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 12pt;" >'''Civil disobedience'''</span>
<span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 12pt;">'''Civil disobedience'''</span>
| style="height: 23px;" | <span style="font-size: 12pt;" >“May include any action taken in contravention of a legal norm in order to expose its illegitimacy.” In other words, the refusal to comply with certain laws or to pay taxes and fines, as a peaceful form of political protest. - </span>[https://liguedesdroits.ca/ Ligue des droits et libertés]
| style="height: 23px;" | <span style="font-size: 12pt;">“May include any action taken in contravention of a legal norm in order to expose its illegitimacy.” In other words, the refusal to comply with certain laws or to pay taxes and fines, as a peaceful form of political protest. - </span>[https://liguedesdroits.ca/ Ligue des droits et libertés]
|- style="height: 55px;"
| style="width: 21.3321%; background-color: #c51f84; border-color: #000000; height: 55px;" | <span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 12pt;" >'''Civil suit'''</span>
| style="height: 55px;" | <span style="font-size: 12pt;" >A breach of private law that contains the fundamental rules relating to persons, the family, property and obligations. It is the common law applicable to relationships between individuals. - [https://dictionnairereid.caij.qc.ca/recherche#t=edictionnaire&sort=relevancy CAIJ Quebec and Canadian Law Dictionary]</span>
|- style="height: 29px;"
| style="width: 21.3321%; background-color: #c51f84; border-color: #000000; height: 29px;" | <span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 12pt;" >'''Class Action'''</span>
| style="height: 29px;" | <span style="font-size: 12pt;" >“Allows you to file a civil suit on behalf of all those who have experienced a similar situation.” - [https://liguedesdroits.ca/ Ligue des droits et libertés]</span>
|- style="height: 198px;"
| style="width: 21.3321%; background-color: rgb(197, 31, 132); border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 198px;" | <span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 12pt;" >'''Common Law'''</span>
| style="height: 198px;" | <span style="font-size: 12pt;" ><span>Regulatory '''offences''' and '''criminal offences''' (see definitions below) are governed by '''common law rather than civil law. '''The ''common law ''is developed through the practice of the courts. It is therefore created by the recognition of precedent (an authoritative decision).</span></span>
 
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap; font-size: 12pt;" ></span>
 
<span style="font-size: 12pt;" >
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;" >A judgment that goes against past decisions could create a precedent if the judges decide to refer to it in their future decisions. I</span><strong style="white-space: pre-wrap;" >n principle, the common law is constantly evolving by virtue of this vision giving authority to precedent. </strong><em style="white-space: pre-wrap;" >'''- '''</em><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;" >Lawyer Testimony</span></span>
:<br>
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| style="width: 21.3321%; background-color: #c51f84; border-color: #000000; height: 58px;" | <span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 12pt;" >'''Constitutional Rights'''</span>
| style="height: 58px;" | <p><span style="font-size: 12pt;" >The rights protected by the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Some of these rights are protected under certain conditions. - </span>[https://www.canlii.org/fr/ca/legis/lois/annexe-b-de-la-loi-de-1982-sur-le-canada-r-u-1982-c-11/derniere/annexe-b-de-la-loi-de-1982-sur-le-canada-r-u-1982-c-11.html?autocompleteStr=charte%20cana&autocompletePos=1 Canadian Legal Information Institute]</p>
|- style="height: 55px;"
| style="width: 21.3321%; background-color: #c51f84; border-color: #000000; height: 55px;" | <span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 12pt;" >'''Criminal law'''</span>
| style="height: 55px;" | <span style="font-size: 12pt;" >Law governed by the Criminal Code (all types of offences): can lead to the creation of a criminal record. - <span>[https://dictionnairereid.caij.qc.ca/recherche#t=edictionnaire&sort=relevancy CAIJ Quebec and Canadian Law Dictionary]</span></span>
|- style="height: 29px;"
| style="width: 21.3321%; background-color: #c51f84; border-color: #000000; height: 29px;" | <span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 12pt;" >'''Criminal offence'''</span>
| style="height: 29px;" | <span style="font-size: 12pt;" >No statute of limitations, harsher penalties than 'summary offences' -<span>[https://dictionnairereid.caij.qc.ca/recherche#t=edictionnaire&sort=relevancy CAIJ Quebec and Canadian Law Dictionary]</span>&nbsp;</span>
|- style="height: 28px;"
| style="width: 21.3321%; background-color: #c51f84; border-color: #000000; height: 28px;" | <span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 12pt;" >'''Crown Prosecutor (or Deputy Attorney General)'''</span>
| style="height: 28px;" | <span style="font-size: 12pt;" >A lawyer in the service of the government who is responsible for representing the State before the courts in criminal or penal matters. - <span>[https://dictionnairereid.caij.qc.ca/recherche#t=edictionnaire&sort=relevancy CAIJ Quebec and Canadian Law Dictionary]</span></span>
|- style="height: 28px;"
| style="width: 21.3321%; background-color: #c51f84; border-color: #000000; height: 28px;" | <span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 12pt;" >'''<span>Direct Action</span>'''</span>
| style="height: 28px;" | <span style="font-size: 12pt;" >"Denounces and aims to stop a situation, decision, policy or project by means of action that proves to be illegal." - [https://liguedesdroits.ca/ Ligue des droits et libertés]</span>
|- style="height: 224px;"
| style="width: 21.3321%; background-color: #c51f84; border-color: #000000; height: 224px;" | <span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 12pt;" >'''<span><span>Discretionary Power </span></span>'''</span>
| style="height: 224px;" | <span style="font-size: 12pt;" ><span><span>Faculty granted to a person called upon to make a decision within the limits of his competence, to choose among the possible decisions the one which seems to him the most appropriate according to circumstances." -[https://dictionnairereid.caij.qc.ca/  Dictionary of Quebec and Canadian law of the CAIJ]</span></span>
<span><span></span></span></span><li><span style="font-size: 12pt;" ><span>Police officers have </span>'''<span>discretionary power. </span>'''<span>The use of this can be justified objectively (according to the seriousness of the situation, the material circumstances, the proportionality to the seriousness of the offence), but also subjectively (according to the sincere belief to have valid and reasonable grounds excluding, in theory, stereotypes, prejudices etc).&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>''&nbsp;<br>''</span></li>
::*<span style="font-size: 12pt;" ><span>See</span>: <span>''[https://canlii.ca/t/1qbk7 R. v. Beaudry, 2007 SCC 5]'' and </span></span>[https://canlii.ca/t/1fqpj R. c. Godoy , 1999 1 SCR 311 ][https://fr.wiki.lehub.ca/index.php/Information_l%C3%A9gale_101#cite_note-1 [1]]<span style="font-size: 12pt;" ></span>
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| style="width: 21.3321%; background-color: #c51f84; border-color: #000000; height: 120px;" | <span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 12pt;" >'''<span>Discharge</span>'''</span>
| style="height: 120px;" | <p><span style="font-size: 12pt;" >When a person is convicted, a sentence that does not result in a criminal record.</span></p>
<span style="font-size: 12pt;" >
*<span>Unconditional discharge: the criminal record can be "erased" after 1 year, becoming invisible to the public.</span>
*<span>Conditional discharge: the criminal record can be "erased" after 3 years, with conditions (community service, no contact with certain people).</span> - [https://liguedesdroits.ca/ Ligue des droits et libertés]
</span>
|- style="height: 28px;"
| style="width: 21.3321%; background-color: #c51f84; border-color: #000000; height: 28px;" | <span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 12pt;" >'''<span>Injunction</span>'''</span>
| style="height: 28px;" | <span style="font-size: 12pt;" >An order of the Superior Court enjoining a person or, in the case of a legal person, partnership or association or other grouping without legal personality, its officers or representatives, not to do or to cease to do a certain thing or to perform a certain act. - <span>[https://dictionnairereid.caij.qc.ca/recherche#t=edictionnaire&sort=relevancy CAIJ Quebec and Canadian Law Dictionary]</span></span>
|- style="height: 29px;"
| style="width: 21.3321%; background-color: #c51f84; border-color: #000000; height: 29px;" | <span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 12pt;" >'''<span>Person without status</span>'''</span>
| style="height: 29px;" | <span style="font-size: 12pt;" >Person who has been refused asylum, person who did not leave when his visa expired, etc. - [https://liguedesdroits.ca/ Ligue des droits et libertés]</span>
|- style="height: 131px;"
| style="width: 21.3321%; background-color: #c51f84; border-color: #000000; height: 131px;" | <span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 12pt;" >'''<span>Political profiling</span>'''</span>
| style="height: 131px;" | <span style="font-size: 12pt;" >"Any action taken by a person or persons in a position of authority with respect to a person or group, for reasons of public safety, security or protection, that is based on factors such as political opinion, political belief, allegiance to a political group or political activity, without probable cause or reasonable suspicion, and that has the effect of subjecting the person to differential scrutiny or treatment. Political profiling also includes any action by persons in authority who apply a measure disproportionately to segments of the population because of, among other things, their real or presumed political opinions or beliefs.” - [https://liguedesdroits.ca/ Ligue des droits et libertés]</span>
|- style="height: 28px;"
| style="width: 21.3321%; background-color: #c51f84; border-color: #000000; height: 28px;" | <span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 12pt;" >'''<span>Racial profiling</span>'''</span>
| style="height: 28px;" | <span style="font-size: 12pt;" >"Any action taken by a person or persons in authority with respect to an individual or group of individuals, for reasons of safety, security or public protection, that is based on factors such as race, color, ethnic or national origin, or religion, without actual purpose or reasonable suspicion, and that has the effect of subjecting the individual to differential scrutiny. More and more complaints of this type are being made to the Human Rights Commission. Racial profiling is, on balance, the result of intolerance, misunderstandings, lack of cross-cultural communication and preconceived notions by police officers." <span>- [https://cobp.resist.ca/fr Collectif opposé à la brutalité policière] (COBP; Collective against police brutality)</span></span>
|- style="height: 137px;"
| style="width: 21.3321%; background-color: #c51f84; border-color: #000000; height: 137px;" | <span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 12pt;" >'''<span>Regulatory offence</span>'''</span>
| style="height: 137px;" | <span style="font-size: 12pt;" ><span>“Regulatory offences are the least serious, such as disturbing the peace (section 175), participating in an unlawful assembly (section 66(1)) or being naked in a public place (section 174). A person convicted of such an offence is liable to a fine of not more than five thousand dollars and imprisonment for not more than two years less a day (section 787 (1))." They do not result in a criminal record. A</span>fter 12 months, it is no longer possible to prosecute; if you do not receive the information that you are under arrest before this term, the process stops. - [https://liguedesdroits.ca/ Ligue des droits et libertés]</span>
|- style="height: 137px;"
| style="width: 21.3321%; background-color: #c51f84; border-color: #000000; height: 137px;" | <span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 12pt;" >'''<span>Social profiling</span>'''</span>
| style="height: 137px;" | <span style="font-size: 12pt;" >"With the goal of "cleaning up" the public space, social profiling is a form of discrimination that consists of police officers and other law enforcement officials imposing fines on people who do not "seem to conform to society" through the strict application of municipal regulations for minor infractions. Marginals, itinerants, punks, homosexuals, prostitutes, immigrants, the poor, etc. are all targets in order to "protect and serve us". This type of profiling is only meant to give the impression of a "beautiful image of the city" in front of tourists." - [https://cobp.resist.ca/fr Collectif opposé à la brutalité policière]&nbsp;</span>
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Revision as of 15:57, 15 July 2022

The summaries for each page should be bolded, size 12 sans-serif font. 

1st level header

The following is a passage from one of our other wiki pages to demonstrate the maximum # of lines each section should include:

"Lots of groups have an overall orientation with their Theory of Change that allows for many different points of focus (or targets). HUB Advisor Amara Possian has adapted Marshall Ganz's writings to create this tight definition of a "campaign": "A campaign is a sequence of tactics with a clear goal, demand and target that helps achieve a particular change. Sitting down to create a campaign strategy assumes that group members are already aligned around a target or focus area... for example: shutting down fossil fuel projects in our region, Indigenous solidarity, antiracist action, fighting misogyny. Campaign strategy process should never begin with 'what should we focus on?' As opposed to group orientation, campaign strategy needs to get focused, specific about an achievable goal with a timeframe, and be grounded in reality. I.e. working with available resources and a solid power analysis of the target or system you are working to change."


Example quote and linking of source formatting:

"Universal accessibility is the character of a product, process, service, information or environment which, with a view to fairness and an inclusive approach, allows anyone to carry out activities independently and to obtain equivalent results." -Ex Aequo & Groupe DÉFI Accessibilité (GDA) [1]

2nd level header

This excerpt is an example of a single column 'table' used to break up text.

"Your appearance date is the first date on which evidence is presented.

  • A date in the format will be established (to communicate and negotiate).
  • Between court dates, it is difficult to communicate with the prosecutors. These meetings will allow for negotiation before a trial for reduced sentences with a guilty plea, a withdrawal of charges, an acquittal without trial etc.
  • If no agreement is reached, the terms of the trial will be discussed.
The prosecution must prove guilt, a reasonable doubt must be raised in the mind of the person on trial. Sometimes this means not presenting a defence.
  • The accused does not always have to testify. If the person is found guilty, there will be a sentencing trial. It follows a guilty plea or conviction (which results in a criminal record).
Legal aid for defence may be available if income is low.

  • Many lawyers refuse these mandates because of their low income. This can affect the quality of their defence because of the time spent on it.
  • A legal aid mandate can be refused. In this case, it is possible to request a review within 30 days.
  • A person can defend themselves alone but should consult a lawyer and/or get support from advocacy groups
"The trial must be held within a reasonable time." (18 to 30 months maximum). The decision may be rendered on the spot or several weeks later."

3rd level header

The following excerpt demonstrates how to highlight learning circle insight. "Lived experiences were shared by learning circle participants. They portray some consequences of not being ready for student turnover.

  • Divestment organizers were concerned about groups who won and didn’t know where to go from there
  • Groups have been struggling to navigate online organizing
  • There are ongoing concerns related to general turnover and capacity when students graduate (particularly those who have been members of a group for a while)
  • A lack of support from former members leads to more energy and time needed to restart after a high rate of turnover.
  • Anger towards the school administration leads to forgetting about turnover periods, thus the workload for the next semester is larger."

Example definitions table

Definitions

Acquittal Decision of a court declaring a person is not guilty - CAIJ Quebec and Canadian Law Dictionary

Civil disobedience

“May include any action taken in contravention of a legal norm in order to expose its illegitimacy.” In other words, the refusal to comply with certain laws or to pay taxes and fines, as a peaceful form of political protest. - Ligue des droits et libertés
  1. Langevin, Rocque, Chalghoumi, & Ghorayeb. Research Report for Associations in Montreal – Universal Accessibility and Contributing Designs (Version 5.3).