Mobilizing and activating members: recruitment and retention 101

Grassroots groups often struggle with the challenge of mobilizing new members. Many also face challenges with retention, that is, members burn out and/or stop participating. Challenges to membership can make momentum building difficult, and may result in a reduced motivation of existing group members. Challenges to recruitment and retention can, in many cases, be mitigated and navigated by including some key structures and strategies in grassroots organizing spaces.

The following resource was compiled using existing organizer databases and resources by movement thinkers on mobilizing new members, and using thoughts from grassroots organizers who attended our learning circle on mobilizing new members. This guide was developed in response to request from grassroots groups asking for tips on growing their membership, that is, on effective recruitment and retention strategies.

Highlighted text is knowledge shared during our Learning Circle on this topic.

Beginning the planning process

Before you begin building or defining your recruitment and retention plan, reflect as a team on the following:

• Why are we here, and how did we get here?

Participants in the HUB's learning circle responded with the following upon reflection on why they joined their group...

To connect with others who care	A desire for shared spaces, connection and collectivity. To be in the company of like-minded people who want to act on the climate crisis. Coming from Alberta where it's scary to be a climate activist, I want to be surrounded by those who feel the same way to feel less alone. To find those with the same worldview, shared concerns and a commitment to fighting for change to build solutions.
To combat climate grief and anxiety	I want to feel less alone with feelings of climate grief and anxiety. I feel compelled to direct climate anxiety into action.   I'm searching for solidarity and hope amidst climate chaos. To combat fear, grief and disillusionment with the lack of political will and action. I'm deeply concerned about climate impacts. I want a better future for my grandchildren.
To take action	Because of my personal responsibility, passion and agency. To use each of our skills and potential to do our part. I want to advance; to learn, unlearn, and co-create the systems change needed to move us towards a just future. I have the desire to create something from the ground up rather than just being involved in a campaign that tells you what to do. For hope, power and optimism through collective action. Localized changemaking helps make wins feel more tangible. To hold those in power accountable.

• Who used to be around and why did they leave?

Participants in the HUB's learning circle responded with the following upon reflection on why group members leave...

Burnout and overwhelm	It is hard to delegate and get people to follow through without sacrificing wellbeing. Burnout feels like an inevitable part of organizing! There's a lack of real care for each other under capitalism and a need to learn how we can turn to each other for support. We don't have resources to do this work in a sustainable way, especially for marginalized folks. Being passionate can make it hard to step back. We are a small team, so everyone takes on a lot. Many people have numerous other responsibilities and commitments such as caretaking, school, work etc. People may be limited in the amount of free labour they can provide with bills to pay.
The onboarding process isn't strong	It can help to have someone whose done a task before pass on knowledge and support by training new recruits. A buddy system has new members pair with older members doing work they were interested in. This also helps build team relationships. There could be confusion around how to get involved with organizing because there's not a clear roadmap for what happens after onboarding. For example, there's a lack of simpler/smaller tasks for those just starting our or being onboarded.
Spaces aren't accessible, caring or managing conflcit	Spaces don't feel safe for BIPOC and youth. *The culture of climate organizations is still steeped in colonialism and white supremacy. *There's a lack of community care and opportunities for building strong relationships. *There can be interpersonal conflict with not enough skills for conflict management and repairing relationships.
A lack of direction and openness to ideas	*A lack of direction and openness to ideas. There can be rigidity about what the group will/will not engage in. It's difficult when founding members have pre-determined what the team will do, without leaving room for new member input. *A lack of clear goals leads to ineffective campaigns and meetings that don't go anywhere.
Feeling a lack of change	*The slow pace of change can be frustrating.

• What keeps people sticking around?

	Holding space for joy and celebration. Having a balance between short-term campaigns to make tangible wins, and longer campaigns for the long haul. Debriefs after actions are a great way to celebrate with the team. Witnessing how the community reacts to projects and campaigns.
	Opportunities to learn, build skills, share interests, passions and talents. Acquiring new leadership skills and taking on more responsibility (e.g. being asked for interest in taking on an exciting task such as planning an action!) Using art and storytelling as vehicles for connection and communication. Having a diversity of tasks and projects.
	A sense of belonging, community, camaraderie and appreciation. Encouraging people to respect their capacities and support each other. Sharing food! A pleasure person. We used to have someone on our team volunteer to bring something (activity, song, video) to lighten up the end of each meeting, so folks didn't leave feeling low. Being around like-minded people and building friendships.

Models to help guide recruitment and retention strategies

Each stage, depending on where folks fall in the following models, requires a targeted set of strategies.

Ladder of engagement

The ladder of engagement can be a helpful tool for describing calls to action folks who are not involved in your group can take to become engaged, whilst also considering how people can increase their engagement towards becoming more active members. Someone who is a “1,” or at the bottom of the ladder in the model has no connection to your campaign or issue, and a “5” is someone who is ready to show up at an action.

Actions on the ladder escalate in intensity and/or demand or requirements of the individual as they move up and become more active. Consider what people might need to feel confident in moving up the ladder, and how you can support.

Of course, the ladder should serve as an outline only. Some people might be more willing to participate in an action that make phone calls. The idea, however, is to paint a picture of which actions have the fewest barriers to entry, that can encourage folks to get more involved as active members.

Image by: 350.org

Circles of commitment

The circles of commitment helps to model the involvement of people engaging with or in your group, by acting as an outline for you plan to move people from the outer circles (low commitment) to the inner circles (high commitment).

Diagram from: Momentum Training Community

Levels of the circles of commitment

Community targets	Audiences you try to reach out to and engage; those not yet involved with your group in any capacity. See the section on community mapping for more on defining your targets.
Crowd	Your mailing list and/or social media following.
Membership	Those who regularly participate; e.g. those who respond to calls to action.
Committed	High action takers and people who would consider themselves formal 'members' of a group.
Core	Steers a lot of the group's direction; typically includes those who have been in the group the longest, or who have the most lived and/or organizing experience. (In smaller teams, the committed and core may be combined).

Engaging community members to join your base

The following describes strategies for moving people from community targets to the crowd/membership levels of the circles of commitment model.

Defining community targets using community mapping

A helpful first step for moving community targets is to define who they are! Who are you trying to reach?

Community mapping aims to gather information about how a community operates to develop the right strategies to mobilize and involve them. Rather than taking a broad approach to recruitment, this longer-term process of listening develops more targeted messaging and approaches, and builds foundations of relationships that are more likely to lead to involvement.

Community mapping can help you identify:

• organizing opportunities
• campaign partners and opportunities for solidarity
• potential threats
• the political climate

This information can support you when developing outreach plans, as well as when building coalitions and deciding on messaging.

Steps of community mapping

1. Define a community	This might include a community... being impacted most heavily by an issue (e.g. people living near a construction zone) where some level of protest or activity has already taken place (e.g. a local union)  that your organization already has links to (e.g. local school) that simply has people who are willing to work with you (e.g. parents or teachers at local schools) Questions to ask that can help you define a community to work with include... What are we currently doing locally? Who are our current and potential allies and partners? Who cares about this issue (consider demographics) and why? (e.g. high school/university students taken an environmental course) What's in the area? (Resources or organizations, Institutions such as churches, schools, hospitals, universities, city hall, etc., unique or problematic features such as amusement parks, factories, etc.)
2. Hold initial meetings to identify what you need to learn and who will help you	Invite a few members of the community to engage in some discussion. For example, if you want to engage teachers in your community, can you think of a couple teachers who would be willing enough to chat over coffee? Make this as inviting as possible, and ensure it meets their needs! (e.g. is online or over lunch best?) Initial meetings are held to clarify information and discuss who might be contacted next and how. Ideally, initial meetings will enthuse community members to engage in the next steps. Further meetings can be held in informal and culturally appropriate settings Questions to ask during these meetings include... What's the best way of approaching people? Where can people be reached? How can the process be widened? What language(s) are used? What activities do people enjoy? What do people care about? What are the sources of tension? What are our threats? Where can we meet?
3. Document and carry out the plan outlined through discussion with community members	Define your audience and outreach strategies to prepare for action. E.g. "our target audience is teachers, who care about the planet and the wellbeing of their students. There is tension to get everything in the curriculum done. They can be best reached over email, and enjoy when people from outside the classroom visit for presentations while they are on PREP time." Draft the pitch you'll use for outreach, or a message if you're doing online outreach.  Note that direct, one-on-one outreach or asks to join an action or group are often much more successful than general call outs. Get in touch with people directly as much as possible. Carry out mobilization strategies tailored to target the audience you identified. Repeat the process again for another community target group!

Choosing engagement strategies

Strategies used to mobilize community targets tend to fall on the lower end of the ladder of engagement (meaning engagement isn't a huge commitment). For example:

Social media	Posts should use messaging targeted to the particular audience you want to engage. Use easy calls to action such as watching and sharing videos, signing online petitions, sending out pre-drafted emails etc.
Passing by actions	Handing out info sheets at actions.
Local news coverage	Write opinion pieces or reaching out to the local media to amplify your group's message and/or actions. Smaller newspapers are often happy to share events from local groups. Contact the editor through your local newspaper's website. You could also ask to share a call for people to join your team.
Postering	Make sure to include information about meeting time/location (if available), and how to contact you.
Direct, one-on-one recruitment conversations	(See the below section for more details)

The following strategies were suggested from participants in our navigating turnover in student groups learning circle:

Take over space!	Using Divest McGill as an example... "we took over space on campus for 3 days, so lots of community building and recruitment was achieved."
Take your time	Using divest McGill as an example... "Do not organize a meeting too soon after sending a message (allow people to free up their time). Mention an understanding for the lack of time of those who commit."
Outdoor gathering spaces	In my group at university, we had the privilege of having a garden on campus. This was a big plus for students who wanted to come out and join us in the garden. An outdoor space helps with recruitment!

If you're a university-based group, check out this resource by Divest Ed for more strategies!

One-on-one recruitment

Canvassing means "talking to someone on the street, inviting them into your shared purpose or campaign goal and trying to get their signature and contact information." -The Future Ground Network. Stay tuned for more from our 'deep canvassing' offering. In the meantime, you can learn more about how to engage with people directly to join your group through this resource.

Your recruitment pitch

A recruitment pitch, which shouldn't be longer than about 30 seconds, should include  :

a) An explanation of the purpose of your team in general.	Who are the people being called to action? What challenge do you hope to inspire others to take action on? What is your vision of successful action? How can we act together to achieve this? And how can they begin now, at this moment? Describe this in two or three sentences.
b) An explanation of why you chose to be a part of the team and why you care about the issue.	To what values, experiences, or aspirations of your community, will you appeal when you call on them to join you in action? What stories do you share that can express these values? Describe this in two or three sentences.
c) Your hard ask	Explain what’s happening at the next meeting and directly ask them if they'd like to attend. Specify the time, place and location of the meeting. Make them feel that you want them to be there, but not like they are doing you a favour. Make sure your ask is not just a suggestion or statement, but a clear and direct question that elicits a specific commitment. i.e. Will you come out on Tuesday evening at 7pm to our meeting?

Responding to 'no'

Your response will depend on the type of no communicated. 

Not now	"Sorry, those times don’t work. Can you email me later?" Make an explicit follow-up plan. i.e. "Can I set up a time with you to check in again in a couple of weeks?"
Not that	"I don’t really feel comfortable doing xyz." Listen to your person’s concerns, and try to find a solution that will work for them. i.e. "Is there a way I can support you, such as if we meet early to go over the script together? Or would you prefer to come for data entry this Friday at 5 p.m.?"
Not ever	"I’m not interested." If appropriate, asking why may yield helpful feedback. i.e. "Sure, that's no problem. Do you mind if I ask why?"

Engaging your base to increase involvement

The following describes strategies for moving people from the crowd into membership/committed circles of the circles of commitment model.

Strategies used to activate current members of your crowd should fall primarily on the mid to upper end of the ladder of engagement. For example:

Attending meet ups and information events	Hold regular social/meet up/welcome events for new or interested members to learn more about the group, and more about those involved
Opportunities for providing support	Promote positions or tasks that need filling on social media Put an open call out for folks to help organize an upcoming event
Opportunities for spreading the word	Develop a teach-in presentation for folks to deliver, for example
Direct, one-on-one recruitment conversations	(See the above section for more details)

The following was suggested from participants in our navigating turnover in student groups learning circle:

In some schools, a bootcamp (3 day online intensive) to get people up to speed on information, and bring the information to new people, is helpful. The important thing is to keep the relationships.

How to welcome new members

Have a welcome plan prepared for new joiners to welcome them and provide the information they need about the group they're joining! This might look like a welcome presentation or meeting to review key documents and inner workings, for example.

A simple structure for a welcome meeting is as follows  :

Scheduled in advance	20-40 minutes in length.
Between as few people as possible	To gain personal connections
A loose agenda could look like...	Sharing stories. i.e. why you care and why you want to be involved now, more about the group Share goals, strategy, project plans and/or emerging directions. Explain the different roles available on the team, and discuss the skills or interests they have that might fit. Come up with creative ideas for how they can use their unique skills and passions to further the purpose of the team.  Give them a specific task to do, based on the role they want to take on and what tasks the project needs. Share the next meeting date!

The following was suggested from participants in our navigating turnover in student groups learning circle:

• Divest McGill made a document to inform incoming members of who the board of directors (the targets) for their campaign were, complete with their names, photos and info on each. This helps new members plug in.

For more on welcoming new members see this resource by Beautiful Trouble.

Retention suggestions

Take action!	Actions are not only a great opportunity to hand out flyers to people passing by. They also give existing members the feeling of having an impact, which keeps everyone motivated (rather than sitting through endless meetings).
Don't neglect the value of joy and connection	These are the elements that both draw people in and help them to stay. Invest intentional time into getting to now one another, and having fun together! Examples might include going out for coffee together, having a potluck, attending a local music event etc.
Ask people for their accessibility needs	What is keeping them from attending meetings or actions? How can you make engagement more accessible to them? See our wiki on making your activism accessible for more.
Include various forms of participation and meet people where they're at	People should take on roles and tasks that suit their availability, and recognize that capacities fluctuate. Check in with one another often. Is anyone overextended or willing to take on more? Track the amount of time members can commit early on, or develop a system to share capacity on an ongoing basis, to prevent burnout. (I.e. ask group members to share a number 1-5 estimating their capacity to contribute to action planning until the next meeting).
Articulate purpose often	Include a quick mention of the purpose of each meeting in your agenda. Every so often it can be helpful to remind of the group's mission, so folks are refreshed on why they've come together.
Plan for breaks	Group-wide breaks are great because you can easily commit to a date that you'll return to working together. Rotating breaks for members can also be helpful for maintaining capacity and avoiding burnout. You can set an approximate date of return, and/or have a group member reach out to check on the teammate about their return.

Summary

The engagement paradox (from a study done on the organizers and volunteers involved in Barack Obama’s Get Out the Vote campaign) works under the assumptions that  :

• You SHOW UP because somebody asked.
• You COMMIT because of the relationships.
• You WALK AWAY when you don’t feel effective

If you have any suggested revisions or additional resources to share related to the above content, please email them to kenzie@lehub.ca.