Colonialism: Difference between revisions
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<span>“</span>''<span>The terms 'colonization' and 'colonialism' are often confused. </span><span>The first refers to a specific event that took place in the past and ended; </span><span>the term </span>'''<span>“colonialism” </span>'''<span>refers to </span>'''<span>a dominant ideology, an ongoing phenomenon where a group of settlers exerts systemic power over Indigenous Peoples. </span>'''<span>The idea that “colonization” is a thing of the past benefits the status quo, the dominant colonialist ideology carried by the Canadian and Quebec states, for example</span>''<span> ." -Nicholas Renaud <ref> Nicholas Renaud, 2021. Introduction to First Peoples Studies [course notes]. School of Community and Public Affairs, Concordia University.</ref> </span> | |||
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<p><span style="">When we talk about </span>'''<span style="">colonization</span>'''<span style=""> (and not colonialism), we often refer to the ''“politico-economic phenomenon by which various European nations explored, conquered, colonized and exploited vast regions of the world already populated by Indigenous Peoples."'' -Stephanie Jeremie, La Forge</span><sup class="reference"></sup></p> | |||
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<p><span style="">We focus here on </span>'''<span style="">colonialism</span>'''<span style=""> and advocate the use of this term. </span><span style="">Historically, colonialism was driven by a racist </span><span style="">philosophy that certain groups were considered inferior. W</span><span style="">hite people excluded them from their group, from their “race”, by assigning them to another group, another “race”. R</span><span style="">ace, and this idea of inferiority, is fictional; it is not based in any real differences other than skin colour. </span><span style="">All the same, the effects of this categorization have caused dramatic harm for many human beings. </span><span style="">Many people were and continue to be dehumanized by racialization, particularly through the colonialism it helped to justify.</span></p> | |||
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<p><span style="">There are five stages of colonialism: exploration, expropriation, appropriation, exploitation, and justification. All are necessary in order for colonialism to become an <span class="italic">effective</span> tool <span class="italic">of</span> domination. <ref>doi:10.1017/asr.2018.85</ref> </span></p> | |||
== Types of colonialism == | == Types of colonialism == | ||
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'''Latent colonialism''' | |||
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*<span>A colonialist and racist ethos has shaped the practices and policies on which our societies continue to grow. </span>In addition, members of Euro-descendant societies have colonial baggage, <span>or colonial biases t</span><span>hat need to be undone through anti-oppressive education. Latent colonialism is unconscious. </span><span> <ref> https://redtac.org/possibles/2020/07/19/le-decolonialisme-et-ses-declinaisons/</ref> </span> | |||
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| style="width: 19.6976%; background-color: rgb(153, 225, 217);" | '''Overt colonialism''' | |||
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*<span>For members of Indigenous communities calling for [[decolonization]], current colonialism is the realization of the extractive economy project by the modern state with the support of repressive authorities (police, army). <ref> https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iuHapKtEQRI</ref> </span> | |||
*Modern colonial projects are not unique to the European countries of the Global North. Indeed, the Israeli occupation of Palestine, supported by several countries in the Global North, is a good example. This colonialism aims at the violent appropriation of a territory already occupied by a population. | |||
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'''Exploitation colonialism''' | |||
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*The trade and commerce like the export of goods, or the slave trade. <ref>https://byjus.com/free-ias-prep/colonialism/</ref> | |||
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'''Settler colonialism''' | |||
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See [[settler colonialism]]. | |||
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For examples of consequences of colonialism, see our definitions page for [[anti-colonialism]]. | |||
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<p><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"></sup></p> | <p><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"></sup></p> | ||
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Latest revision as of 18:14, 25 November 2022
“The terms 'colonization' and 'colonialism' are often confused. The first refers to a specific event that took place in the past and ended; the term “colonialism” refers to a dominant ideology, an ongoing phenomenon where a group of settlers exerts systemic power over Indigenous Peoples. The idea that “colonization” is a thing of the past benefits the status quo, the dominant colonialist ideology carried by the Canadian and Quebec states, for example ." -Nicholas Renaud [1]
When we talk about colonization (and not colonialism), we often refer to the “politico-economic phenomenon by which various European nations explored, conquered, colonized and exploited vast regions of the world already populated by Indigenous Peoples." -Stephanie Jeremie, La Forge
We focus here on colonialism and advocate the use of this term. Historically, colonialism was driven by a racist philosophy that certain groups were considered inferior. White people excluded them from their group, from their “race”, by assigning them to another group, another “race”. Race, and this idea of inferiority, is fictional; it is not based in any real differences other than skin colour. All the same, the effects of this categorization have caused dramatic harm for many human beings. Many people were and continue to be dehumanized by racialization, particularly through the colonialism it helped to justify.
There are five stages of colonialism: exploration, expropriation, appropriation, exploitation, and justification. All are necessary in order for colonialism to become an effective tool of domination. [2]
Types of colonialism
Latent colonialism |
|
Overt colonialism |
|
Exploitation colonialism |
|
Settler colonialism |
See settler colonialism. |
For examples of consequences of colonialism, see our definitions page for anti-colonialism.
If you have any suggested revisions or additional resources to share related to the above content, please email them to kenzie@lehub.ca.
- ↑ Nicholas Renaud, 2021. Introduction to First Peoples Studies [course notes]. School of Community and Public Affairs, Concordia University.
- ↑ doi:10.1017/asr.2018.85
- ↑ https://redtac.org/possibles/2020/07/19/le-decolonialisme-et-ses-declinaisons/
- ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iuHapKtEQRI
- ↑ https://byjus.com/free-ias-prep/colonialism/