Global South - Revision history

Mediawiki: /* Examples around the world */

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Examples around the world

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	*The Global South are commodity producers, selling at very low prices which are determined by New York and other stock exchanges. When prices go down, we go into a debt crisis, and the IMF and World Banks offer more loans to increase our debt.		*The Global South are commodity producers, selling at very low prices which are determined by New York and other stock exchanges. When prices go down, we go into a debt crisis, and the IMF and World Banks offer more loans to increase our debt.
	<p>Meena also pointed out that marginalized communities in rich and powerful countries, such as Indigenous communities in North America, also suffer from these systems. See MAPA (most affected people and areas) for more.</p>		<p>Meena also pointed out that marginalized communities in rich and powerful countries, such as Indigenous communities in North America, also suffer from these systems. See MAPA (most affected people and areas) for more.</p>
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	~~\| <p>'''Abeer Butmeh in Palestine <ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2019/11/28/palestine-is-a-climate-justice-issue</ref> '''</p>''<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"></sup> '''''<br>'''~~
	~~\| <p>Israel‘s occupation and apartheid, which denies Palestinians the right to manage their land and resources, makes them more vulnerable to climate-related events. <br></p>~~
	*Water: Gaza’s acute shortage of potable water from climate change was worsened by Israel’s restrictions on the entry of materials and fuel needed for wastewater treatment. Sewage infiltrated Gaza’s aquifer and flows untreated into Gaza’s coastal waters, damaging marine life and health. 97% of Gaza’s water is unhealthy for human consumption and contaminated water causes 1/4 of all illness in Gaza. While Palestinian villages struggle to adapt to water scarcity, Israeli settlements enjoy unlimited access to water for drinking, to irrigate crops and lawns, and for swimming pools. 640,000 settlers in the West Bank consume 6x the water of 2.9 million Palestinians.
	*Food: Israel’s military prevents Palestinians from using the 20% of Gaza's arable land next to Israel’s militarized fence, and targets Gaza’s farmland with herbicides .A study by Palestinian Environmental NGOs Network explained in 2014 when Israel dropped 21,000 tonnes of explosives on the Gaza strip, it resulted in extensive soil damage and reduced agricultural productivity. Moreover, Israel's removal of olive trees to weaken Palestinians’ connection to the land and economic self-sufficiency is greenwashed by Israel's planting of trees. Israel has uprooted 800,000 olive trees since 1967. Olive trees represent peace and Palestinians connection to the land<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference">  </sup>
	*Energy: 98% of Israel’s electricity production comes from fossil fuels, and Palestinians are given an average of 12 hours per day to use it. Israelis are given unlimited access. Palestinians have turned to solar panels to create their own electricity. Panels have been targeted by Israel's bombing. Moreover, the Israeli military seizes solar panels sent by humanitarian aid groups for Palestinian communities, even while it has passed progressive laws requiring the installation of solar panels on all new buildings.
	*<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"></sup><span class="mwt-noneditable=" speechify-initial-font-family="sans-serif" speechify-initial-font-size="14px">Waste: Israel routinely dumps its waste in occupied Palestine. Palestinians<span speechify-initial-font-family="sans-serif" speechify-initial-font-size="14px"> burn plastic waste for income</span>, contributing to the increasing levels of cancer among Palestinians.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"></sup></span>
	*Funding from the West: Countries in the West support Israel's occupation by purchasing weapons and other goods from Israel, and selling weapons to Israel. Between 2018-2022, Canada imported $132 million dollars worth of weapons from Israel. Canadian companies such as Canada's big banks fund technology used by the Israeli military. For example, Scotia bank holds the largest foreign share of an Israeli weapons manufacturer.
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	\| <p>'''Evelyn Acham in Uganda on the 'Dash for Gas' <ref>https://www.euronews.com/green/2022/11/02/dash-for-gas-europes-cost-of-living-crisis-shouldnt-cause-an-environmental-disaster-in-afr#:~:text=By%20Evelyn%20Acham&text=Europe's%20response%20to%20the%20energy,in%20both%20Africa%20and%20Europe</ref> <sup class="reference"></sup>'''</p><p>'''<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"></sup>'''</p><p>'''<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"></sup>'''</p>		\| <p>'''Evelyn Acham in Uganda on the 'Dash for Gas' <ref>https://www.euronews.com/green/2022/11/02/dash-for-gas-europes-cost-of-living-crisis-shouldnt-cause-an-environmental-disaster-in-afr#:~:text=By%20Evelyn%20Acham&text=Europe's%20response%20to%20the%20energy,in%20both%20Africa%20and%20Europe</ref> <sup class="reference"></sup>'''</p><p>'''<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"></sup>'''</p><p>'''<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"></sup>'''</p>
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	*Oil and gas extraction and export undermines existing commitments to keep temperatures to 1.5°C and to phase out international finance for oil and gas, which was promised in Glasgow at COP26.		*Oil and gas extraction and export undermines existing commitments to keep temperatures to 1.5°C and to phase out international finance for oil and gas, which was promised in Glasgow at COP26.
	*"It also risks undermining African development, saddling countries with debts for export-oriented gas production for which there will be fewer and fewer customers as demand drops, leaving African people on the hook to cover the costs of these stranded assets." -Evelyn Acham<ref>https://www.euronews.com/green/2022/11/02/dash-for-gas-europes-cost-of-living-crisis-shouldnt-cause-an-environmental-disaster-in-afr#:~:text=By%20Evelyn%20Acham&text=Europe's%20response%20to%20the%20energy,in%20both%20Africa%20and%20Europe</ref>		*"It also risks undermining African development, saddling countries with debts for export-oriented gas production for which there will be fewer and fewer customers as demand drops, leaving African people on the hook to cover the costs of these stranded assets." -Evelyn Acham<ref>https://www.euronews.com/green/2022/11/02/dash-for-gas-europes-cost-of-living-crisis-shouldnt-cause-an-environmental-disaster-in-afr#:~:text=By%20Evelyn%20Acham&text=Europe's%20response%20to%20the%20energy,in%20both%20Africa%20and%20Europe</ref>
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	\| <p>'''Amara Possain on Armenia <ref>https://www.nationalobserver.com/2023/11/14/opinion/true-peace-and-justice-possible-if-world-transitions-clean-energy</ref> <sup class="reference"></sup>'''</p><p>'''<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"></sup>'''</p><p>'''<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"></sup>'''</p>
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	*"In Nagorno-Karabakh, Azerbaijan initially cut off Armenians’ gas supply and then their electricity. Throughout the harsh winter, Armenians could only sporadically access hot water thanks to solar water heaters. These renewable sources threaten the power of those who profit from wars and oil, thereby weakening the economic foundations of authoritarian regimes and reducing their incentives for military aggression." -Amara Possain<ref>https://www.nationalobserver.com/2023/11/14/opinion/true-peace-and-justice-possible-if-world-transitions-clean-energy</ref>
	*Western nations wage wars to secure access to fossil fuels, targeting governments that nationalize oil companies. The Middle East, which holds over half of the world’s oil reserves, has been a point of conflicts driven by imperialism and greed. <sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"></sup>
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	\| <p>'''Friends of the Congo <ref>https://friendsofthecongo.org/climate-change/#:~:text=For%20centuries%20now%2C%20Congo%20has%20endured%20environmental%20racism.&text=With%20the%20recent%20discovery%20of,the%20oppressive%20and%20extractive%20systems</ref> '''</p>'''<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"></sup> and Victoria Audu <ref>https://republic.com.ng/october-november-2023/congo-cobalt-genocide/</ref>		\| <p>'''Friends of the Congo <ref>https://friendsofthecongo.org/climate-change/#:~:text=For%20centuries%20now%2C%20Congo%20has%20endured%20environmental%20racism.&text=With%20the%20recent%20discovery%20of,the%20oppressive%20and%20extractive%20systems</ref> '''</p>'''<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"></sup> and Victoria Audu <ref>https://republic.com.ng/october-november-2023/congo-cobalt-genocide/</ref>

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Injustice in the Global South is a climate justice issue

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	=Injustice in the Global South is a climate justice issue =		= Injustice in the Global South is a climate justice issue =
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	*According to a report by Oxfam, privileged lifestyles in the Global North produce a carbon footprint that is one hundred times larger than the Global South (Riaz, A., 2021). <ref>Riaz, A. (2021, September 29). Views from the Global South: How to decolonise the climate crisis. Euronews Green. https://www.euronews.com/green/2021/09/29/views-from-the-global-south-how-to-decolonise-the-climate-crisis</ref>		*According to a report by Oxfam, privileged lifestyles in the Global North produce a carbon footprint that is one hundred times larger than the Global South (Riaz, A., 2021). <ref>Riaz, A. (2021, September 29). Views from the Global South: How to decolonise the climate crisis. Euronews Green. https://www.euronews.com/green/2021/09/29/views-from-the-global-south-how-to-decolonise-the-climate-crisis</ref>
	*Ceecee Holz explains that wealthy, higher emission countries have fair shares that exceed their own emissions. In most cases, scale of International cooperation exceeds scale of domestic effort.		*Ceecee Holz explains that wealthy, higher emission countries have fair shares that exceed their own emissions. In most cases, scale of International cooperation exceeds scale of domestic effort.
	*The Global North for it's benefit alone extracts cheap labour, and resources, in the Global South.		*The Global North for it's benefit alone, extracts cheap labour, and resources, in the Global South.
	*Meena Raman: The Paris agreement holds our governments accountable at the International level. Nationally determined contributions can be measured against this. 'Net zero' is used to avoid International responsibility. Canada wants to continue fossil fuel production and expansion into 2050. This does not hold up to International responsibility.		*Meena Raman: The Paris agreement holds our governments accountable at the International level. Nationally determined contributions can be measured against this. 'Net zero' is used to avoid International responsibility. Canada wants to continue fossil fuel production and expansion into 2050. This does not hold up to International responsibility.
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	*The unequal distribution of the costs of climate change adds to the worsening of the wealth gap between the Global North and South. The high price of mitigation and adaptation loans further disadvantages the Global South, which is most affected by the climate crisis. They are accumulating climate debt for a crisis they didn't cause (Rice, J., 2009) <ref>Rice, J. (2009). North-south relations and the ecological debt: Asserting a counter-hegemonic discourse. Critical Sociology, 35(2), 225–252.</ref> <br>		*The unequal distribution of the costs of climate change adds to the worsening of the wealth gap between the Global North and South. The high price of mitigation and adaptation loans further disadvantages the Global South, which is most affected by the climate crisis. They are accumulating climate debt for a crisis they didn't cause (Rice, J., 2009) <ref>Rice, J. (2009). North-south relations and the ecological debt: Asserting a counter-hegemonic discourse. Critical Sociology, 35(2), 225–252.</ref> <br>
	*Ceecee Holz explains countries most highly dependent on extraction will need most time to phaseout extraction (Iraq, South Sudan, Congo). Wealthier, less dependent countries will need to phase out faster (US, Canada, UK, Norway). Extraction should be reduced fastest where doing so will have the least social costs. How mch capacity does a country have to overcome fossil fuel extraction phase out?		*Ceecee Holz explains countries most highly dependent on extraction will need most time to phaseout extraction (Iraq, South Sudan, Congo). Wealthier, less dependent countries will need to phase out faster (US, Canada, UK, Norway). Extraction should be reduced fastest where doing so will have the least social costs. How mch capacity does a country have to overcome fossil fuel extraction phase out?
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			\| style="width: 19.6976%; background-color: rgb(153, 225, 217);" \| '''4) Companies from the Global North due their dirty business in the Global South'''
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			*More than half of all mining activity in Latin America is connected to a private Canadian entity. <ref>https://news.mongabay.com/2023/09/how-canadas-growing-presence-in-latin-america-is-hurting-the-environment/</ref>
			*For example, the East Africa crude oil pipeline was funded by RBC between 2016-2020. <ref>https://stand.earth/resources/east-africa-crude-oil-pipeline-fueled-by-rbc/</ref>
			*Companies such as Apple, Google and Tesla fund highly exploitative cobalt mining in Congo (see the below table for more details). <ref>https://www.cnn.com/2024/03/05/tech/big-tech-child-labor-congo-lawsuit/index.html#:~:text=Business%20%2F%20Tech-,Federal%20appeals%20court%20throws%20out%20lawsuit%20against%20Apple%2C%20Google%2C%20Tesla,alleged%20child%20labor%20in%20Congo&text=Big%20tech%20firms%20such%20as,the%20Democratic%20Republic%20of%20Congo.</ref>
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Examples around the world

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	*European leaders have announced deals to increase gas production and exports with Egypt, Senegal, Angola and Republic of Congo.		*European leaders have announced deals to increase gas production and exports with Egypt, Senegal, Angola and Republic of Congo.
	*Oil and gas extraction and export undermines existing commitments to keep temperatures to 1.5°C and to phase out international finance for oil and gas, which was promised in Glasgow at COP26.		*Oil and gas extraction and export undermines existing commitments to keep temperatures to 1.5°C and to phase out international finance for oil and gas, which was promised in Glasgow at COP26.
	*"It also risks undermining African development, saddling countries with debts for export-oriented gas production for which there will be fewer and fewer customers as demand drops, leaving African people on the hook to cover the costs of these stranded assets." -Evelyn Acham~~ [~~https://en.~~wiki~~.~~lehub.ca~~/~~index.php?title~~=~~Active_support~~&~~action=tinymceedit#cite_note-4 [4]]<sup id="cite_ref-4" class~~=~~"reference">~~</~~sup~~>		*"It also risks undermining African development, saddling countries with debts for export-oriented gas production for which there will be fewer and fewer customers as demand drops, leaving African people on the hook to cover the costs of these stranded assets." -Evelyn Acham<ref>https://www.euronews.com/green/2022/11/02/dash-for-gas-europes-cost-of-living-crisis-shouldnt-cause-an-environmental-disaster-in-afr#:~:text=By%20Evelyn%20Acham&text=Europe's%20response%20to%20the%20energy,in%20both%20Africa%20and%20Europe</ref>
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	\| <p>'''Amara Possain on Armenia <ref>https://www.nationalobserver.com/2023/11/14/opinion/true-peace-and-justice-possible-if-world-transitions-clean-energy</ref> <sup class="reference"></sup>'''</p><p>'''<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"></sup>'''</p><p>'''<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"></sup>'''</p>		\| <p>'''Amara Possain on Armenia <ref>https://www.nationalobserver.com/2023/11/14/opinion/true-peace-and-justice-possible-if-world-transitions-clean-energy</ref> <sup class="reference"></sup>'''</p><p>'''<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"></sup>'''</p><p>'''<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"></sup>'''</p>
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	*"In Nagorno-Karabakh, Azerbaijan initially cut off Armenians’ gas supply and then their electricity. Throughout the harsh winter, Armenians could only sporadically access hot water thanks to solar water heaters. These renewable sources threaten the power of those who profit from wars and oil, thereby weakening the economic foundations of authoritarian regimes and reducing their incentives for military aggression." -Amara Possain~~ [~~https://en.~~wiki~~.~~lehub.ca~~/~~index.php?title=Active_support&action=tinymceedit#cite_note~~-~~6 [6]]<sup id="cite_ref~~-~~6" class="reference"></sup><sup id="cite_ref~~-~~19" class="reference">~~</~~sup~~>		*"In Nagorno-Karabakh, Azerbaijan initially cut off Armenians’ gas supply and then their electricity. Throughout the harsh winter, Armenians could only sporadically access hot water thanks to solar water heaters. These renewable sources threaten the power of those who profit from wars and oil, thereby weakening the economic foundations of authoritarian regimes and reducing their incentives for military aggression." -Amara Possain<ref>https://www.nationalobserver.com/2023/11/14/opinion/true-peace-and-justice-possible-if-world-transitions-clean-energy</ref>
	*Western nations wage wars to secure access to fossil fuels, targeting governments that nationalize oil companies. The Middle East, which holds over half of the world’s oil reserves, has been a point of conflicts driven by imperialism and greed. <sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"></sup>		*Western nations wage wars to secure access to fossil fuels, targeting governments that nationalize oil companies. The Middle East, which holds over half of the world’s oil reserves, has been a point of conflicts driven by imperialism and greed. <sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"></sup>
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Injustice in the Global South is a climate justice issue

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	Examples around the world		===Examples around the world===
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	*Western nations wage wars to secure access to fossil fuels, targeting governments that nationalize oil companies. The Middle East, which holds over half of the world’s oil reserves, has been a point of conflicts driven by imperialism and greed. <sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"></sup>		*Western nations wage wars to secure access to fossil fuels, targeting governments that nationalize oil companies. The Middle East, which holds over half of the world’s oil reserves, has been a point of conflicts driven by imperialism and greed. <sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"></sup>
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	\| <p>'''Friends of the Congo <ref>https://friendsofthecongo.org/climate-change/#:~:text=For%20centuries%20now%2C%20Congo%20has%20endured%20environmental%20racism.&text=With%20the%20recent%20discovery%20of,the%20oppressive%20and%20extractive%20systems</ref> '''</p>'''<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"></sup> and Victoria Audu <ref>https://republic.com.ng/october-november-2023/congo-cobalt-genocide/</ref~~> <ref><ref><ref><ref><ref><ref> </ref></ref></ref></ref></ref></ref>'''<strong style="font-size: 14.4px;">on Congo</strong><p>'''<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"></sup>'''</p~~>		\| <p>'''Friends of the Congo <ref>https://friendsofthecongo.org/climate-change/#:~:text=For%20centuries%20now%2C%20Congo%20has%20endured%20environmental%20racism.&text=With%20the%20recent%20discovery%20of,the%20oppressive%20and%20extractive%20systems</ref> '''</p>'''<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"></sup> and Victoria Audu <ref>https://republic.com.ng/october-november-2023/congo-cobalt-genocide/</ref>
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	*The Congo Basin sequesters more carbon than the Amazon or any other rainforest.		*The Congo Basin sequesters more carbon than the Amazon or any other rainforest.

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Examples around the world

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 == We must do our 'fair share' to achieve climate justice ==

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-| style="width: 408.031px;" | '''Congo'''
+| style="width: 408.031px;" | '''Friends of the Congo and Victoria Audu on Congo'''' <ref> https://friendsofthecongo.org/climate-change/#:~:text=For%20centuries%20now%2C%20Congo%20has%20endured%20environmental%20racism.&text=With%20the%20recent%20discovery%20of,the%20oppressive%20and%20extractive%20systems. </ref>  <ref>https://republic.com.ng/october-november-2023/congo-cobalt-genocide/ </ref>
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 | style="width: 408.031px;" | '''Dash for Gas'''
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 | style="width: 408.031px;" | '''Amara Possain on Armenia''' <ref>https://www.nationalobserver.com/2023/11/14/opinion/true-peace-and-justice-possible-if-world-transitions-clean-energy</ref>
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 *Western nations wage wars to secure access to fossil fuels, targeting governments that nationalize oil companies. The Middle East, which holds over half of the world’s oil reserves, has been a point of conflicts driven by imperialism and greed. <ref>https://www.nationalobserver.com/2023/11/14/opinion/true-peace-and-justice-possible-if-world-transitions-clean-energy</ref>
 |}
 == We must do our 'fair share' to achieve climate justice ==

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Examples around the world

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	\| style="width: 408.031px;" \| '''Dash for Gas'''		\| style="width: 408.031px;" \| '''Dash for Gas'''
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	~~\| style="width: 408.031px;" \| <p>'''Sudan'''</p>~~
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	\| style="width: 408.031px;" \| '''Amara Possain on Armenia''' <ref>https://www.nationalobserver.com/2023/11/14/opinion/true-peace-and-justice-possible-if-world-transitions-clean-energy</ref>		\| style="width: 408.031px;" \| '''Amara Possain on Armenia''' <ref>https://www.nationalobserver.com/2023/11/14/opinion/true-peace-and-justice-possible-if-world-transitions-clean-energy</ref>