Carceral state - Revision history

Mediawiki: /* Examples of the Carceral State */

2024-01-22T22:42:13Z

Examples of the Carceral State

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:42, 22 January 2024
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	== Examples of the Carceral State ==		== Examples of the Carceral State ==

	{\| class="wikitable" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 351px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"		{\| class="wikitable" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 351px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"
	\|- style="height: 133px;"		\|- style="height: 133px;"
	\| style="width: 19.6976%; background-color: rgb(153, 225, 217); height: 133px;" \| '''Racial discrimination '''		\| style="width: 19.6976%; background-color: rgb(153, 225, 217); height: 133px;" \| '''Racial discrimination '''
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	\| style="width: 19.6976%; background-color: rgb(153, 225, 217); height: 117px;" \| '''Carceral states and climate injustice'''		\| style="width: 19.6976%; background-color: rgb(153, 225, 217); height: 117px;" \| '''Carceral states and climate injustice'''
	\| style="width: 80.3024%; height: 117px;" \|		\| style="width: 80.3024%; height: 117px;" \|
	*Places with high prison population ~~rate~~ are also places with high carbon emissions. Countries that have not put significant efforts into climate attenuation have generally not put that effort into climate mitigation either. This means that high polluters have not properly adapted their jails and prisons to the extreme temperatures made more frequent with global warming. <ref>Golembeski, C., Dong, K. & Irfan, A. (2021). Carceral and Climate Crises and Health Inequities: A Call for Greater Transparency, Accountability, and Human Rights Protections. World Medical and Health Policy. 13. 10.1002/wmh3.382.</ref>		*Places with high prison population rates are also places with high carbon emissions. Countries that have not put significant efforts into climate attenuation have generally not put that effort into climate mitigation either. This means that high polluters have not properly adapted their jails and prisons to the extreme temperatures made more frequent with global warming. <ref>Golembeski, C., Dong, K. & Irfan, A. (2021). Carceral and Climate Crises and Health Inequities: A Call for Greater Transparency, Accountability, and Human Rights Protections. World Medical and Health Policy. 13. 10.1002/wmh3.382.</ref>
	*Incarcerated populations are especially sensitive to high temperatures due old age, and physical and mental health issues. Jails may not offer air conditioning. All of these factors are causing heat-related deaths in prisons to rise. <ref>https://time.com/6281702/prisons-heat-deaths-climate-change-air-conditioning/</ref>		*Incarcerated populations are especially sensitive to high temperatures due old age, and physical and mental health issues. Jails may not offer air conditioning. All of these factors are causing heat-related deaths in prisons to rise. <ref>https://time.com/6281702/prisons-heat-deaths-climate-change-air-conditioning/</ref>
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Mediawiki: /* Examples of the Carceral State */

2023-08-17T16:10:11Z

Examples of the Carceral State

Mediawiki at 16:09, 17 August 2023

2023-08-17T16:09:57Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:09, 17 August 2023
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	~~By definition, carcerality~~ extends beyond the formal incarceration itself (prisons, detention centers, and carceral programs of probation and parole). ~~Carcerality~~ includes the ways we shape and organize society and culture through policies and logic of control, surveillance and criminalization. The carceral state has both produced and reinforced massive inequalities along lines of race, class, gender, sexuality, and other identity categories. <ref>https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/7ab5f5c3fbca46c38f0b2496bcaa5ab0</ref>		Carcerality extends beyond the formal incarceration itself (prisons, detention centers, and carceral programs of probation and parole). It includes the ways we shape and organize society and culture through policies and logic of control, surveillance and criminalization. The carceral state has both produced and reinforced massive inequalities along lines of race, class, gender, sexuality, and other identity categories. <ref>https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/7ab5f5c3fbca46c38f0b2496bcaa5ab0</ref>


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	== Examples of the Carceral State ==		== Examples of the Carceral State ==

	{\| class="wikitable" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: ~~124px~~; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"		{\| class="wikitable" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 493px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"
	\|- style="height: ~~23px~~;"		\|- style="height: 133px;"
	\| style="width: 19.6976%~~; height: 23px~~; background-color: ~~#99e1d9~~;" \|		\| style="width: 19.6976%; background-color: rgb(153, 225, 217); height: 133px;" \| '''Racial discrimination '''
	'''~~Where police are deployed~~'''		\| style="width: 80.3024%; height: 133px;" \|
	\| style="width: 80.3024%; height: ~~23px~~;" \|		*Richard Nixon, former president of the United States, declared a war on drugs. This was later revealed to be an elaborate tactic to arrest leaders of groups that opposed Nixon’s campaign, those groups being black people and the anti-war left. <ref>Baume, D. (2016). Legalize It All. Harper’s magazine. https://harpers.org/archive/2016/04/legalize-it-all/</ref> Using media outlets, the state made its population believe that crime and drugs were the biggest threat to society, and that the people threatening their safety were the left and black people.
	*~~There is~~ a higher deployment of police in poor, mostly black and brown communities while wealthier white communities are left alone, and ~~subsequently~~ the ~~mass incarceration~~ of ~~these populations~~.		*Today, there remains a higher deployment of police and thus mass incarceration in poor, mostly black and brown communities while wealthier white communities are left alone. <ref>Prison Policy Initiative U.S. (2010). Incarceration rates by race and ethnicity.. https://www.epi.org/blog/the-carceral-state-and-the-labor-market/</ref>
			*In Canada, police are encouraged to perform stop-and-search control for any reasonable suspicions. The stop-and-search tends to unfairly target black people. In other words, the police are able to perpetuate racial injustice with tools like the stop-and-search method. <ref>Meng, Y. (2014) Racially biased policing and neighborhood characteristics: A Case Study in Toronto, Canada.  Cybergeo: European Journal of Geography. https://doi.org/10.4000/cybergeo.26165</ref>
	\|- style="height: 23px;"		\|- style="height: 23px;"
	\| style="width: 19.6976%; height: 23px; background-color: #99e1d9;" \|		\| style="width: 19.6976%; height: 23px; background-color: #99e1d9;" \|
	'''Surveillance of immigrants'''		'''Surveillance of immigrants'''
	\| style="width: 80.3024%; height: 23px;" \|		\| style="width: 80.3024%; height: 23px;" \|
	*~~Restrictions placed on immigrants compared~~ to ~~people with full citizenship~~.
			*Historically, immigration-related crimes and deportation policies have targeted racial minorities, as the government uses race to define who is deportable and who is an immigration criminal.
			*For example, francophone students in Quebec from African countries have refusal rates of up to 80%. <ref>https://www.immigration.ca/canada-admits-racism-in-its-immigration-system-vows-to-do-better-by-african-international-students/</ref>
			*In the US, immigration control is the leading cause of imprisonment, as things like the expiration of a visa are considered felonies. <ref>Hester, T. (2015). Deportability and the Carceral State, Journal of American History, Volume 102, Issue 1, Pages 141–151, https://doi.org/10.1093/jahist/jav230</ref>
	\|- style="height: 78px;"		\|- style="height: 78px;"
	\| style="width: 19.6976%; background-color: #99e1d9; height: 78px;" \|		\| style="width: 19.6976%; background-color: #99e1d9; height: 78px;" \|
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	\| style="width: 80.3024%; height: 78px;" \|		\| style="width: 80.3024%; height: 78px;" \|
	*Carcerality is ingrained in our way of living. Do you need to call the police if your neighbours music is too loud? Or can you knock on their door and ask that they turn it down? (Example from PG Watkins from [https://nonewjailsdetroit.wordpress.com/ No New Jails Detroit]).		*Carcerality is ingrained in our way of living. Do you need to call the police if your neighbours music is too loud? Or can you knock on their door and ask that they turn it down? (Example from PG Watkins from [https://nonewjailsdetroit.wordpress.com/ No New Jails Detroit]).
	*There are also often limited alternatives to police made available by the state other than police when safety is at risk		*There are also often limited alternatives to police made available by the state other than police when safety is at risk.
			\|- style="height: 231px;"
			\| style="width: 19.6976%; background-color: rgb(153, 225, 217); height: 231px;" \| '''Carceral states and climate injustice'''
			\| style="width: 80.3024%; height: 231px;" \|
			*Places with high prison population rate are also places with high carbon emissions. Countries that have not put significant efforts into climate attenuation have generally not put that effort into climate mitigation either. This means that high polluters have not properly adapted their jails and prisons to the extreme temperatures made more frequent with global warming. <ref>Golembeski, C., Dong, K. & Irfan, A. (2021). Carceral and Climate Crises and Health Inequities: A Call for Greater Transparency, Accountability, and Human Rights Protections. World Medical and Health Policy. 13. 10.1002/wmh3.382.</ref>
			*Incarcerated populations are especially sensitive to high temperatures due old age, and physical and mental health issues. Jails may not offer air conditioning. All of these factors are causing heat-related deaths in prisons to rise. <ref>https://time.com/6281702/prisons-heat-deaths-climate-change-air-conditioning/</ref>
	\|}		\|}
			<p>'''A special thanks to Camila Fradette for their tremendous support compiling content for this page.'''</p>
	<br>		<br>
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Mediawiki: /* Examples of the Carceral State */

2022-11-25T18:02:28Z

Examples of the Carceral State

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:02, 25 November 2022
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	== Examples of the Carceral State ==		== Examples of the Carceral State ==

	{\| class="wikitable" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 124px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"		{\| class="wikitable" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 124px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"
	\|- style="height: 23px;"		\|- style="height: 23px;"
	\| style="width: 19.6976%; height: 23px; background-color: #99e1d9;" \|		\| style="width: 19.6976%; height: 23px; background-color: #99e1d9;" \|
	Where police are deployed		'''Where police are deployed'''
	\| style="width: 80.3024%; height: 23px;" \|		\| style="width: 80.3024%; height: 23px;" \|

	*There is a higher deployment of police in poor, mostly black and brown communities while wealthier white communities are left alone, and subsequently the mass incarceration of these populations.		*There is a higher deployment of police in poor, mostly black and brown communities while wealthier white communities are left alone, and subsequently the mass incarceration of these populations.
	\|- style="height: 23px;"		\|- style="height: 23px;"
	\| style="width: 19.6976%; height: 23px; background-color: #99e1d9;" \|		\| style="width: 19.6976%; height: 23px; background-color: #99e1d9;" \|
	Surveillance of immigrants		'''Surveillance of immigrants'''
	\| style="width: 80.3024%; height: 23px;" \|		\| style="width: 80.3024%; height: 23px;" \|

	*Restrictions placed on immigrants compared to people with full citizenship.		*Restrictions placed on immigrants compared to people with full citizenship.
	\|- style="height: 78px;"		\|- style="height: 78px;"
	\| style="width: 19.6976%; background-color: #99e1d9; height: 78px;" \|		\| style="width: 19.6976%; background-color: #99e1d9; height: 78px;" \|
	We'~~re conditioned~~ to call the police		'''Conditioned to call the police'''
	\| style="width: 80.3024%; height: 78px;" \|		\| style="width: 80.3024%; height: 78px;" \|
	*Carcerality is ingrained in our way of living. Do you need to call the police if your neighbours music is too loud? Or can you knock on their door and ask that they turn it down? (Example from PG Watkins from [https://nonewjailsdetroit.wordpress.com/ No New Jails Detroit]).		*Carcerality is ingrained in our way of living. Do you need to call the police if your neighbours music is too loud? Or can you knock on their door and ask that they turn it down? (Example from PG Watkins from [https://nonewjailsdetroit.wordpress.com/ No New Jails Detroit]).
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	If you have any suggested revisions or additional resources to share related to the above content, please email them to kenzie@lehub.ca.		If you have any suggested revisions or additional resources to share related to the above content, please email them to kenzie@lehub.ca.

Mediawiki: /* Examples of the Carceral State */

2022-10-19T20:22:01Z

Examples of the Carceral State

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:22, 19 October 2022
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	== Examples of the Carceral State ==		== Examples of the Carceral State ==

	{\| class="wikitable" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: ~~92px~~; background-color: ~~#ffffff~~;"		{\| class="wikitable" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 124px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"
	\|- style="height: 23px;"		\|- style="height: 23px;"
	\| style="width: 19.6976%; height: 23px; background-color: #99e1d9;" \|		\| style="width: 19.6976%; height: 23px; background-color: #99e1d9;" \|
	~~<br>~~		Where police are deployed
	\| style="width: 80.3024%; height: 23px;" \|		\| style="width: 80.3024%; height: 23px;" \|
	~~<br>~~
	\|- style="height: 23px;"		*There is a higher deployment of police in poor, mostly black and brown communities while wealthier white communities are left alone, and subsequently the mass incarceration of these populations.
			\|- style="height: 23px;"
	\| style="width: 19.6976%; height: 23px; background-color: #99e1d9;" \|		\| style="width: 19.6976%; height: 23px; background-color: #99e1d9;" \|
	~~<br>~~		Surveillance of immigrants
	\| style="width: 80.3024%; height: 23px;" \|		\| style="width: 80.3024%; height: 23px;" \|
	~~<br>~~
	\|-		*Restrictions placed on immigrants compared to people with full citizenship.
	\| style="width: 19.6976%; background-color: ~~rgb(153, 225, 217)~~;" \|		\|- style="height: 78px;"
	~~<br>~~		\| style="width: 19.6976%; background-color: #99e1d9; height: 78px;" \|
	\| style="width: 80.3024%;" \|		We're conditioned to call the police
	~~<br>~~		\| style="width: 80.3024%; height: 78px;" \|
			*Carcerality is ingrained in our way of living. Do you need to call the police if your neighbours music is too loud? Or can you knock on their door and ask that they turn it down? (Example from PG Watkins from [https://nonewjailsdetroit.wordpress.com/ No New Jails Detroit]).
			*There are also often limited alternatives to police made available by the state other than police when safety is at risk
	\|}		\|}

	<br>		<br>
	*There is a higher deployment of police in poor, mostly black and brown communities while wealthier white communities are left alone, and subsequently the mass incarceration of these populations.
	*Carcerality is ingrained in our way of living. Do you need to call the police if your neighbours music is too loud? Or can you knock on their door and ask that they turn it down? (Example from PG Watkins from [https://nonewjailsdetroit.wordpress.com/ No New Jails Detroit]).
	*Restrictions placed on immigrants compared to people with full citizenship.

	<br>		<br>

Mediawiki at 20:19, 19 October 2022

2022-10-19T20:19:01Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:19, 19 October 2022
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	'''Carceral state '''describes ~~''''''~~''institutions, structures, ideologies, and practices that engage in punitive “solutions”, especially as a means of responding to crime, poverty, migration, and those living with health issues and addiction; a complex web of social institutions that includes the prison industrial complex, medical industrial complex, surveillance culture, and border patrol — all of which perpetuate harm through criminalization and institutionalization''. - Ruby Tapia, adapted by Michelle Xie <ref>https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1HC35f2kDXc8cgLYWc9_oUZmINoTfP3_I</ref>		'''Carceral state '''describes "''institutions, structures, ideologies, and practices that engage in punitive “solutions”, especially as a means of responding to crime, poverty, migration, and those living with health issues and addiction; a complex web of social institutions that includes the prison industrial complex, medical industrial complex, surveillance culture, and border patrol — all of which perpetuate harm through criminalization and institutionalization''." - Ruby Tapia, adapted by Michelle Xie <ref>https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1HC35f2kDXc8cgLYWc9_oUZmINoTfP3_I</ref>


	By definition, carcerality extends beyond the formal incarceration itself (prisons, detention centers, and carceral programs of probation and parole). Carcerality includes the ways we shape and organize society and culture through policies and logic of control, surveillance and criminalization. The carceral state has both produced and reinforced massive inequalities along lines of race, class, gender, sexuality, and other identity categories. <ref>https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/7ab5f5c3fbca46c38f0b2496bcaa5ab0</ref>		By definition, carcerality extends beyond the formal incarceration itself (prisons, detention centers, and carceral programs of probation and parole). Carcerality includes the ways we shape and organize society and culture through policies and logic of control, surveillance and criminalization. The carceral state has both produced and reinforced massive inequalities along lines of race, class, gender, sexuality, and other identity categories. <ref>https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/7ab5f5c3fbca46c38f0b2496bcaa5ab0</ref>


			The carceral state includes all aspects of life in which people are subject to surveillance and the threat of punitive policies under the premise of safety.

	== Examples of the Carceral State ==		== Examples of the Carceral State ==
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	*There is a higher deployment of police in poor, mostly black and brown communities while wealthier white communities are left alone, and subsequently the mass incarceration of these populations.		*There is a higher deployment of police in poor, mostly black and brown communities while wealthier white communities are left alone, and subsequently the mass incarceration of these populations.

Mediawiki: /* Examples of the Carceral State */

2022-10-19T20:18:34Z

Examples of the Carceral State

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:18, 19 October 2022
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	==Examples of the Carceral State==		== Examples of the Carceral State ==

	{\| class="wikitable" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 92px; background-color: #ffffff;"		{\| class="wikitable" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 92px; background-color: #ffffff;"
	\|- style="height: 23px;"		\|- style="height: 23px;"
	\| style="width: 19.6976%; height: 23px; background-color: #99e1d9;" \|		\| style="width: 19.6976%; height: 23px; background-color: #99e1d9;" \|
	~~Adrienne Maree Brown <ref>https://transformharm.org/the-fictions-and-futures-of-transformative-justice/#:~:text=adrienne%20maree%20brown.,think%20that%20can%20be%20tricky.</ref>~~
	\| style="width: 80.3024%; height: 23px;" \|		\| style="width: 80.3024%; height: 23px;" \|
	''"I tend to think of abolition as one result of transformative justice: abolition is the end of prisons; transformative justice is the methods people use to uproot injustice patterns in communities. I tend to think of abolition as a totality, and I think that can be tricky. People set out to abolish slavery and we ended up with the prison industrial complex because while there were surface and policy level shifts, the culture did not shift. That deep underlying racism and classism remains and is now roaring to the surface as we write this. So, while I identify as an abolitionist, I find speaking about the iterative tangible work of transformative justice makes more sense to me now–I don’t simply want the prisons gone, I want a radically different way of interacting with each other to grow."''
	\|- style="height: 23px;"		\|- style="height: 23px;"
	\| style="width: 19.6976%; height: 23px; background-color: #99e1d9;" \|		\| style="width: 19.6976%; height: 23px; background-color: #99e1d9;" \|
	~~Mia Mingus <ref>https://transformharm.org/the-fictions-and-futures-of-transformative-justice/#:~:text=adrienne%20maree%20brown.,think%20that%20can%20be%20tricky.</ref>~~
	\| style="width: 80.3024%; height: 23px;" \|		\| style="width: 80.3024%; height: 23px;" \|
	''"I understand abolition to be a necessary part of transformative justice because prisons, and the PIC, are major sites of individual and collective violence, abuse, and trauma. However, transformative justice is and must also be a critical part of abolition work because we will need to build alternatives to how we respond to harm, violence, and abuse. Just because we shut down prisons, does not mean that these will stop. Transformative justice has roots in abolition work and is an abolitionist framework, but goes beyond abolishing prisons (and slavery) and asks us to end–and transform the conditions that perpetuate–generational cycles of violence such as rape, sexual assault, child abuse, child sexual abuse, domestic violence, intimate partner abuse, war, genocide, poverty, human trafficking, police brutality, murder, stalking, sexual harassment, all systems of oppression, dangerous societal norms, and trauma."''
	\|-		\|-
	\| style="width: 19.6976%; background-color: rgb(153, 225, 217);" \| ~~Amanda Aguilar Shank <ref>https://brownstargirl.org/beyond-survival/</ref>~~		\| style="width: 19.6976%; background-color: rgb(153, 225, 217);" \|
	\| style="width: 80.3024%;" \| Interpersonal harm is inevitable. Abolition imagines that ''"each moment where harm happens is an opportunity to transform relationships and communities, build trust and safety, and grow slowly toward the beautiful people we are meant to be, in the world we deserve." ''<br>		\| style="width: 80.3024%;" \|
	\|}		\|}
			<br>


	~~The carceral state includes all aspects of life in which people are subject to surveillance and the threat of punitive policies under the premise of safety. For example:~~
	*There is a higher deployment of police in poor, mostly black and brown communities while wealthier white communities are left alone, and subsequently the mass incarceration of these populations.		*There is a higher deployment of police in poor, mostly black and brown communities while wealthier white communities are left alone, and subsequently the mass incarceration of these populations.
	*Carcerality is ingrained in our way of living. Do you need to call the police if your neighbours music is too loud? Or can you knock on their door and ask that they turn it down? (Example from PG Watkins from [https://nonewjailsdetroit.wordpress.com/ No New Jails Detroit]).		*Carcerality is ingrained in our way of living. Do you need to call the police if your neighbours music is too loud? Or can you knock on their door and ask that they turn it down? (Example from PG Watkins from [https://nonewjailsdetroit.wordpress.com/ No New Jails Detroit]).

Mediawiki: /* Examples of the Carceral State */

2022-10-19T20:18:07Z

Examples of the Carceral State

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:18, 19 October 2022
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	==Examples of the Carceral State==		==Examples of the Carceral State==

			{\| class="wikitable" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 92px; background-color: #ffffff;"
			\|- style="height: 23px;"
			\| style="width: 19.6976%; height: 23px; background-color: #99e1d9;" \|
			Adrienne Maree Brown <ref>https://transformharm.org/the-fictions-and-futures-of-transformative-justice/#:~:text=adrienne%20maree%20brown.,think%20that%20can%20be%20tricky.</ref>
			\| style="width: 80.3024%; height: 23px;" \|
			''"I tend to think of abolition as one result of transformative justice: abolition is the end of prisons; transformative justice is the methods people use to uproot injustice patterns in communities. I tend to think of abolition as a totality, and I think that can be tricky. People set out to abolish slavery and we ended up with the prison industrial complex because while there were surface and policy level shifts, the culture did not shift. That deep underlying racism and classism remains and is now roaring to the surface as we write this. So, while I identify as an abolitionist, I find speaking about the iterative tangible work of transformative justice makes more sense to me now–I don’t simply want the prisons gone, I want a radically different way of interacting with each other to grow."''
			\|- style="height: 23px;"
			\| style="width: 19.6976%; height: 23px; background-color: #99e1d9;" \|
			Mia Mingus <ref>https://transformharm.org/the-fictions-and-futures-of-transformative-justice/#:~:text=adrienne%20maree%20brown.,think%20that%20can%20be%20tricky.</ref>
			\| style="width: 80.3024%; height: 23px;" \|
			''"I understand abolition to be a necessary part of transformative justice because prisons, and the PIC, are major sites of individual and collective violence, abuse, and trauma. However, transformative justice is and must also be a critical part of abolition work because we will need to build alternatives to how we respond to harm, violence, and abuse. Just because we shut down prisons, does not mean that these will stop. Transformative justice has roots in abolition work and is an abolitionist framework, but goes beyond abolishing prisons (and slavery) and asks us to end–and transform the conditions that perpetuate–generational cycles of violence such as rape, sexual assault, child abuse, child sexual abuse, domestic violence, intimate partner abuse, war, genocide, poverty, human trafficking, police brutality, murder, stalking, sexual harassment, all systems of oppression, dangerous societal norms, and trauma."''
			\|-
			\| style="width: 19.6976%; background-color: rgb(153, 225, 217);" \| Amanda Aguilar Shank <ref>https://brownstargirl.org/beyond-survival/</ref>
			\| style="width: 80.3024%;" \| Interpersonal harm is inevitable. Abolition imagines that ''"each moment where harm happens is an opportunity to transform relationships and communities, build trust and safety, and grow slowly toward the beautiful people we are meant to be, in the world we deserve." ''<br>
			\|}



	The carceral state includes all aspects of life in which people are subject to surveillance and the threat of punitive policies under the premise of safety. For example:		The carceral state includes all aspects of life in which people are subject to surveillance and the threat of punitive policies under the premise of safety. For example:

Mediawiki at 15:51, 13 September 2022

2022-09-13T15:51:25Z

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	*Carcerality is ingrained in our way of living. Do you need to call the police if your neighbours music is too loud? Or can you knock on their door and ask that they turn it down? (Example from PG Watkins from [https://nonewjailsdetroit.wordpress.com/ No New Jails Detroit]).		*Carcerality is ingrained in our way of living. Do you need to call the police if your neighbours music is too loud? Or can you knock on their door and ask that they turn it down? (Example from PG Watkins from [https://nonewjailsdetroit.wordpress.com/ No New Jails Detroit]).
	*Restrictions placed on immigrants compared to people with full citizenship.		*Restrictions placed on immigrants compared to people with full citizenship.

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	Examples of the Carceral State		==Examples of the Carceral State==

	The carceral state includes all aspects of life in which people are subject to surveillance and the threat of punitive policies under the premise of safety. For example:		The carceral state includes all aspects of life in which people are subject to surveillance and the threat of punitive policies under the premise of safety. For example:

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	== Examples of the Carceral State ==		== Examples of the Carceral State ==

	{\| class="wikitable" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: ~~493px~~; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"		{\| class="wikitable" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 351px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"
	\|- style="height: 133px;"		\|- style="height: 133px;"
	\| style="width: 19.6976%; background-color: rgb(153, 225, 217); height: 133px;" \| '''Racial discrimination '''		\| style="width: 19.6976%; background-color: rgb(153, 225, 217); height: 133px;" \| '''Racial discrimination '''
	\| style="width: 80.3024%; height: 133px;" \|		\| style="width: 80.3024%; height: 133px;" \|
	*Richard Nixon, former president of the United States, declared a war on drugs. This was later revealed to be an elaborate tactic to arrest leaders of groups that opposed Nixon’s campaign, those groups being black people and the anti-war left. <ref>Baume, D. (2016). Legalize It All. Harper’s magazine. https://harpers.org/archive/2016/04/legalize-it-all/</ref> Using media outlets, the state made its population believe that crime and drugs were the biggest threat to society, and that the people threatening their safety were the left and black people.		*Richard Nixon, former president of the United States, declared a war on drugs. This was later revealed to be an elaborate tactic to arrest leaders of groups that opposed Nixon’s campaign, those groups being black people and the anti-war left. <ref>Baume, D. (2016). Legalize It All. Harper’s magazine. https://harpers.org/archive/2016/04/legalize-it-all/</ref> Using media outlets, the state made its population believe that crime and drugs were the biggest threat to society, and that the people threatening their safety were the left and black people.
	*Today, there remains a higher deployment of police and thus mass incarceration in poor, mostly black and brown communities while wealthier white communities are left alone. <ref>Prison Policy Initiative U.S. (2010). Incarceration rates by race and ethnicity.. https://www.epi.org/blog/the-carceral-state-and-the-labor-market/</ref>		*Today, there remains a higher deployment of police and thus mass incarceration in poor, mostly black and brown communities while wealthier white communities are left alone. <ref>Prison Policy Initiative U.S. (2010). Incarceration rates by race and ethnicity.. https://www.epi.org/blog/the-carceral-state-and-the-labor-market/</ref>
	*In Canada, police are encouraged to perform stop-and-search control for any reasonable suspicions. The stop-and-search tends to unfairly target black people. In other words, the police are able to perpetuate racial injustice with tools like the stop-and-search method. <ref>Meng, Y. (2014) Racially biased policing and neighborhood characteristics: A Case Study in Toronto, Canada.  Cybergeo: European Journal of Geography. https://doi.org/10.4000/cybergeo.26165</ref>		*In Canada, police are encouraged to perform stop-and-search control for any reasonable suspicions. The stop-and-search tends to unfairly target black people. In other words, the police are able to perpetuate racial injustice with tools like the stop-and-search method. <ref>Meng, Y. (2014) Racially biased policing and neighborhood characteristics: A Case Study in Toronto, Canada.  Cybergeo: European Journal of Geography. https://doi.org/10.4000/cybergeo.26165</ref>
	\|- style="height: 23px;"		\|- style="height: 23px;"
	\| style="width: 19.6976%; height: 23px; background-color: #99e1d9;" \|		\| style="width: 19.6976%; height: 23px; background-color: #99e1d9;" \|
	'''Surveillance of immigrants'''		'''Surveillance of immigrants'''
	\| style="width: 80.3024%; height: 23px;" \|		\| style="width: 80.3024%; height: 23px;" \|

	*Historically, immigration-related crimes and deportation policies have targeted racial minorities, as the government uses race to define who is deportable and who is an immigration criminal.		*Historically, immigration-related crimes and deportation policies have targeted racial minorities, as the government uses race to define who is deportable and who is an immigration criminal.
	*For example, francophone students in Quebec from African countries have refusal rates of up to 80%. <ref>https://www.immigration.ca/canada-admits-racism-in-its-immigration-system-vows-to-do-better-by-african-international-students/</ref>		*For example, francophone students in Quebec from African countries have refusal rates of up to 80%. <ref>https://www.immigration.ca/canada-admits-racism-in-its-immigration-system-vows-to-do-better-by-african-international-students/</ref>
	*In the US, immigration control is the leading cause of imprisonment, as things like the expiration of a visa are considered felonies. <ref>Hester, T. (2015). Deportability and the Carceral State, Journal of American History, Volume 102, Issue 1, Pages 141–151, https://doi.org/10.1093/jahist/jav230</ref>		*In the US, immigration control is the leading cause of imprisonment, as things like the expiration of a visa are considered felonies. <ref>Hester, T. (2015). Deportability and the Carceral State, Journal of American History, Volume 102, Issue 1, Pages 141–151, https://doi.org/10.1093/jahist/jav230</ref>
	\|- style="height: 78px;"		\|- style="height: 78px;"
	\| style="width: 19.6976%; background-color: #99e1d9; height: 78px;" \|		\| style="width: 19.6976%; background-color: #99e1d9; height: 78px;" \|
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	*Carcerality is ingrained in our way of living. Do you need to call the police if your neighbours music is too loud? Or can you knock on their door and ask that they turn it down? (Example from PG Watkins from [https://nonewjailsdetroit.wordpress.com/ No New Jails Detroit]).		*Carcerality is ingrained in our way of living. Do you need to call the police if your neighbours music is too loud? Or can you knock on their door and ask that they turn it down? (Example from PG Watkins from [https://nonewjailsdetroit.wordpress.com/ No New Jails Detroit]).
	*There are also often limited alternatives to police made available by the state other than police when safety is at risk.		*There are also often limited alternatives to police made available by the state other than police when safety is at risk.
	\|- style="height: ~~231px~~;"		\|- style="height: 117px;"
	\| style="width: 19.6976%; background-color: rgb(153, 225, 217); height: ~~231px~~;" \| '''Carceral states and climate injustice'''		\| style="width: 19.6976%; background-color: rgb(153, 225, 217); height: 117px;" \| '''Carceral states and climate injustice'''
	\| style="width: 80.3024%; height: ~~231px~~;" \|		\| style="width: 80.3024%; height: 117px;" \|
	*Places with high prison population rate are also places with high carbon emissions. Countries that have not put significant efforts into climate attenuation have generally not put that effort into climate mitigation either. This means that high polluters have not properly adapted their jails and prisons to the extreme temperatures made more frequent with global warming. <ref>Golembeski, C., Dong, K. & Irfan, A. (2021). Carceral and Climate Crises and Health Inequities: A Call for Greater Transparency, Accountability, and Human Rights Protections. World Medical and Health Policy. 13. 10.1002/wmh3.382.</ref>		*Places with high prison population rate are also places with high carbon emissions. Countries that have not put significant efforts into climate attenuation have generally not put that effort into climate mitigation either. This means that high polluters have not properly adapted their jails and prisons to the extreme temperatures made more frequent with global warming. <ref>Golembeski, C., Dong, K. & Irfan, A. (2021). Carceral and Climate Crises and Health Inequities: A Call for Greater Transparency, Accountability, and Human Rights Protections. World Medical and Health Policy. 13. 10.1002/wmh3.382.</ref>
	*Incarcerated populations are especially sensitive to high temperatures due old age, and physical and mental health issues. Jails may not offer air conditioning. All of these factors are causing heat-related deaths in prisons to rise. <ref>https://time.com/6281702/prisons-heat-deaths-climate-change-air-conditioning/</ref>		*Incarcerated populations are especially sensitive to high temperatures due old age, and physical and mental health issues. Jails may not offer air conditioning. All of these factors are causing heat-related deaths in prisons to rise. <ref>https://time.com/6281702/prisons-heat-deaths-climate-change-air-conditioning/</ref>
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	<p>'''A special thanks to Camila Fradette for their ~~tremendous~~ support compiling content for this page.'''</p>
			<p>'''A special thanks to Camila Fradette for their support compiling content for this page.'''</p>

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